Author: Ruian Kaili Machinery Co., Ltd. Source: Released on: 2021-6-16 10:32:43
The operation debugging of the packaging machine is mainly based on the working cycle diagram.Therefore, we must first understand the basic concepts and compilation methods of the working cycle, and then we can study how to specifically debug the actions.
1. The basic concept of the working cycle diagram of the packaging machine
The packaging soil art process of the packaging machine is carried out strictly in order and in a cyclical manner.The time interval from packaging the first product to packaging another product is called the working cycle period. Use T to indicate that the working cycle period is determined by the productivity of the packaging machine.In the working cycle, each actuator of the packaging machine must complete a certain period of movement, process the packaged object, and then return to the starting position, and wait for the start of the next period of movement.The time interval from the start of the periodic motion of each actuator to the start of the next periodic motion is called the motion cycle of the actuator.
It can be seen that in order to increase the productivity of the packaging machine, in addition to increasing the number of heads, it is necessary to reduce the motion cycle time of the actuator, which means that the travel time of the actuator must be shortened as much as possible..Work exercise and rest time, return exercise time and waiting rest time after returning.
The specific measures are:
①Choose advanced packaging technology to simplify the packaging process route,
② Use reasonable process parameters;
③Choose an appropriate movement mechanism, try to improve the coordination of the movement of each actuator, and try to make the movement time of each mechanism coincide with each other as much as possible.These are all in order to shorten the motion cycle period of the entire actuator, in order to achieve the purpose of increasing the packaging speed and increasing the productivity of the packaging machine.
The so-called working cycle diagram of the packaging machine is a graph that expresses the characteristics of the cyclic motion of the various actuators of the packaging machine, the sequence of actions, and the coordinated relationship between the actions..The abscissa of the work cycle graph can be expressed in time or the rotation angle of the motion distribution axis.The latter is more suitable for measurement and debugging, so it is widely used.There are two ways to draw the working cycle diagram: circular and linear. The linear is actually a circular expansion..Because the linear shape is easier to draw and read, and can be more suitable for expressing mechanical and pneumatic hydraulic transmission, it is widely used.
The representation method of the linear working cycle diagram is: use a horizontal line segment to represent the movement change of an actuator movement cycle, express the movement states of each actuator in the same movement cycle, and draw them on the same coordinate. Control.The method to indicate the state of motion is: if the actuator is moving within a certain period of time, it can be represented by an oblique straight line (inclined upwards when moving forward or rising, inclined downwards when retreating or falling); if the actuator is stationary or rotates continuously at a constant speed or Vibration is represented by a straight line.In addition, a brief text description can be added when necessary for clarity.
Through the above analysis, it shows that the working cycle diagram of the packaging machine is very important..Usually the working cycle diagram is compiled according to the preliminary design plan before the packaging machine starts the technical design, and after the technical design is completed, necessary modifications and supplements are made according to the actual situation, and finally becomes the official working cycle diagram.
The main functions of the working cycle diagram of the packaging machine are:
(1) Through the work cycle diagram, determine the motion law, action sequence and mutual coordination relationship of each actuator.And use this as a basis for the design of the packaging machine transmission and movement mechanism.
(2) Through the working cycle diagram, the main factors affecting the productivity of the packaging machine can be analyzed and studied.Therefore, under the premise of not affecting the necessary packaging process conditions, reasonable improvement measures can be found to shorten the motion cycle period of the actuator to increase the productivity of the packaging machine. (3) According to the working cycle diagram, perform necessary operation debugging during installation and after maintenance of the packaging machine.Make it reach or restore to the best working condition of the design.
2. Test and adjustment of the action of the packaging machine’s actuator
After mastering the working cycle diagram, how to test and adjust the action of the packaging machine’s actuator at the production siteIn addition, if the production conditions of the packaging machine are changed; another type of packaging material is changed; the packaging specifications are changed or the physical and chemical properties of the packaging materials are changed, which makes the original working cycle of the packaging machine unsuitable, and should How to deal with it?
1. Field test of the working cycle diagram. The adjustment of the action of the packaging machine should first be carried out on the production site to test the action of the actuator, and then compare with the existing working cycle diagram.When the production conditions change and the original working cycle diagram is no longer suitable, the factory must first conduct research and analysis on the working cycle diagram. After the modification, the necessary check calculations must be made, and then the actions of the actuators will be tested on the spot. Adjustment.
Therefore, on-site side test is one of the skills that equipment management and maintenance technicians must master. .
The method is:
(1) Paste a self-made scale ring or dial on the outer circle of the movement distribution shaft of the packaging machine or on the disc-shaped part connected with this shaft.The 360-degree indexing should be as accurate as possible, and the expanded length of the scale ring is equal to the circumference of the outer diameter of the shaft or disc-shaped part.In addition, a pointer indicating the scale should be installed on the machine plate as shown in the figure as a scale indicating device for the angle of the distribution shaft.Distribution shaft rotation angle scale device
(2) For the sake of safety, open the power switch and disconnect the fuse during the test, and use the hand to pull the pulley of the motor in the direction of the machine to perform the test..
(3) The package should just enter the packaging station I as the starting point of the entire cycle movement, at this time the scale on the distribution axis should indicate zero.Continue to pull the pulley and observe the action status of each actuator, record its starting point, end point, forward, backward, stop and swing angle corresponding to the rotation angle scale of the distribution shaft.Until all actions are over and the packaging leaves the machine.After many repeated tests, these data can be used to compile the actual working cycle diagram of the machine after checking, and then compare it with the designed working cycle diagram to determine whether it is necessary to adjust the action of a certain mechanism.
2. Adjustment of the action of the actuator. Most packaging machines are driven by the motor through the reducer to drive the distribution shaft, and then the distribution shaft drives the various actuators through various transmission devices, motion mechanisms or control devices (see Figure 4-27.(Figure 4-}-43 and Figure 4-55).If you want to adjust the starting point of a certain actuator forward or backward, you can disconnect the connection of the transmission mechanism, and let the distribution axis rotate forward or backward through a certain angle before connecting..Those who rely on the striker to press the trip switch, ejector rod and other signaling components, and then use solenoid valve, hydraulic valve, electromagnetic switch, shift fork, top ball and other devices to control the action of the actuator, as long as the position of the striker is changed.
Relying on the actuator of the time relay diameter system, adjust the given time knob of the time relay, you can change the action law of these mechanisms.Some actuators are controlled by a pressure relay. When the pressure of the control oil circuit exceeds the force of the balance spring, the mechanism starts to move simultaneously..Adjust the spiral of the balance spring and change the elastic force of the spring to delay or advance the action.Some actuators can also adjust the timing or phase of contact with the package by changing the position of the crescent-shaped fixing screw hole on the connecting seat..Now the various commonly used adjustment methods are described as follows.
(1) Adjust the position of the striker.A typical example is the inflation, equal pressure, and exhaust action of the filling valve of the bottle filling and capping machine.It is operated by the cover block connected to the annular guide rail to press down the mandrel of the filling circumference or the circumference cover of the rotary valve..Loosen the fixing screw and the striker can move along the circular guide rail, adjust it to the proper position and fix it again.Other actuators controlled by gas-liquid and electric travel switches can adjust their actions by changing the position of the striker.
(2) Adjust the length of the connecting rod.For example, the mobile chain device of the bottle washing machine (as shown in Figure 5-12) is driven by the crank I through the connecting rod 2 and the swing arm 3} 4 to drive the pull rod 7 to reciprocate linearly, and the pawl-shaped fork 5 hinged on the pull rod is pushed. The chain makes intermittent one-way straight end motion.Changing the length of the swing arm 3 can adjust the chain travel stroke; rotating the connecting rod “the double-ended nut in the middle can change the length of the connecting rod and change the end of the chain travel stroke, extend the link, the end of the chain stroke will move backward; shorten Connecting rod, the end of the chain stroke moves forward.This method is often used to adjust the alignment of the bottle in the chain bottle box and the washing water nozzle.There is also a ratchet device as shown in the figure. Rotating the double-ended nut on the connecting rod can also change the length of the connecting rod, so that the start and stop positions of the intermittent movement of the ratchet are changed accordingly..
(3) Adjust the meshing position of the tooth pull rack.To change the action phase of the gear-driven actuator, that is, the matching relationship between its action and the rotation angle of the distribution shaft, you can first mark the original meshing position, disengage the mesh, and then turn the gear at the end of the distribution shaft by hand. After a proper angle, put the gear back.As the meshing position is changed, the action of this mechanism will be advanced or delayed.In the same way, changing the meshing position of the gear and rack can also adjust the start and end positions of the reciprocating motion mechanism..Since this adjustment method needs to change the position of at least one tooth, it can only be used for coarse adjustment.And can’t make precise adjustments..
(4) Adjust the meshing position of the sprocket and chain.This is the same as the adjustment principle of gear transmission. First, disengage the chain, pull the distribution and rotate it through an appropriate angle, and then move the chain up, so that the phase of the movement of the transmission mechanism can be changed..
(5) Adjust the fixed position of the connector.Some actuators that transmit little torque, usually the connector is connected to the drive shaft with a fastening screw.If these fastening screws are loosened, the connector and the shaft are rotated through an angle and then the grasping nail is tightened, the relative position of the action of this mechanism can be changed..For example, the connecting seat of the bottle filling star wheel of the bottle filling machine has four crescent-shaped fastening screw holes, and the connection position can be adjusted appropriately so that the movement of the bottle can be well matched with the movement of the bottle holder.Some rods and shafts are connected without keys but are fixed with radial screws. Loosen these screws to adjust their radial relative positions appropriately.
(6) Adjust the given value of the time relay and pressure relay, and adjust which knob or balance spring knob when it is given, and appropriately change the time or phase of the action.
Keywords: packaging machine
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